Myelodysplastic syndrome 内容预览：

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    It is a term for a heterogeneous collection of haemopoietic stem cell disorders affecting older adults.
    There is underlying ineffectiveness of haemopoiesis that results in dysplasia of bone marrow precursors and pe**heral cytopenias.

    Moderate anaemia is the most common clinical problem in MDS patients, but complete myeloid bone marrow failure also occurs leading to death from bleeding or infection.
    Approximately half of the patients transform to AML.

    Prognosis depends on the individual’s risk factors, with median survival ranging from 5.7 years in lower-risk group to 1.2 years or less in those with higher-risk MDS.
    MDS is extremely difficult to treat. Most cases are resistant to current therapies, and the most potent anti-MDS treatments (transplantation and dose intensive chemotherapy) are often too toxic for the majority of patients.

    The WHO proposed changes including reclassification of RAEB-t to AML and adding a subgroup called refractory cytopenias with dysplasia (RCD)

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