《2010GINA全球哮喘处理和预防策略》内容预览

This Pocket Guide has been developed from the Global Strategy for Asthma Management andPrevention (Updated 2010). Technical discussions of asthma, evidence levels, and specificcitations from the scientific literature are included in that source document.本袖珍指南根据全球哮喘管理和预防策略（2010年修订）改编。关于哮喘的技术性讨论、证据水平以及特殊引用的科学文献来自原文。WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ASTJMA?关于哮喘，我们知道什么？Unfortunately…asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, with an estimated 300million individuals affected worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing, especially among children.不幸的是……哮喘是最常见的慢性疾病之一，全世界有大约3亿人罹患。其发病率在增加，尤其在儿童。Fortunately…asthma can be effectively treated and most patients canachieve good control of theirdisease. When asthma is under control patients can:幸运的是……哮喘能够得到有效的治疗，大多数患者能够达到良好的控制。处于控制中的哮喘患者能够：Avoid troublesome symptoms night and day??没有烦人的夜间和白天的症状Use little or no reliever medication使用很少或不使用缓解性药物Have productive, physically active lives拥有丰富的、完全积极的生活Have (near) normal lung function肺功能正常或接近正常Avoid serious attacks避免严重发作
 Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness,chest tightness, and coughing,particularly at night or in the early morning.哮喘引起反复发作的喘息、气促、胸闷和咳嗽，特别是在夜间或凌晨。
 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.Chronically inflamed airways arehyperresponsive; they become obstructed and airflow is limited (by bronchoconstriction, mucusplugs, and increased inflammation) when airways are exposed to various risk factors.哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症。慢性炎症气道的反应性增高，当气道暴露于各种危险因子时，通过支气管收缩、黏液形成和炎症增加，引起气道阻塞和气流受限。
Common risk factors for asthma symptoms include exposure toallergens (such as those fromhouse dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds), occupational irritants,tobacco smoke, respiratory (viral) infections, exercise, strong emotional expressions, chemicalirritants, and drugs (such as aspirin and beta blockers).对于诱发哮喘症状的常见危险因素包括接触变应原（如来自屋尘螨、动物皮毛、蟑螂、花粉和霉菌等），职业性**物，吸烟，呼吸道（病毒）感染，运动，剧烈的情绪波动，化学性**物，以及药物（如阿司匹林和β受体阻滞剂）。

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