《2005ATS/ERS肺容量测定标准化》内容预览

Inspired and expired lung volumes measured by spirometry are useful for detecting, characterising and quantifying the severity of lung disease. Measurements of absolute lung volumes, residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are technically more challenging, which limits their use in clinical practice. The role of lung volume measurements in the assessment of disease severity, functional disability, course of disease and response to treatment remains to be determined in infants, as well as in children and adults. Nevertheless, in particular circumstances, measurements of lung volume are strictly necessary for a correct physiological diagnosis .

In contrast to the relative simplicity of spirometric volumes, a variety of disparate techniques have been developed for the measurement of absolute lung volumes. These include the following: body plethysmography (using various methodolo-gies), nitrogen washout, gas dilution, and radiographic imaging methods.

The present document integrates and consolidates the recom-mendations of the current American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society Task Force on pulmonary function standards, and the recommendations from an earlier National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop convened by the ATS. The NHLBI workshop participants, who were experts with considerable adult and paediatric experi-ence, published their input in the form of background papers in the European Respiratory Journal between 1995 and 1999 . Later, a NHLBI workshop consensus document was written, which can be found on the ATS website [13], for those who require more in-depth desc**tions, discussion and a fuller derivation of equations.

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