JAMA在线最新发表的一项研究显示，对于需要避免气管切开同时患有先天性心脏病（CHD）的声门下狭窄（SGS）患儿，球囊扩张喉成形术是一种有价值的治疗方法。

这项回顾性研究在一家三级学术性健康中心展开，2006年1月1日至2011年12月31日间共有16例接受球囊扩张喉成形术治疗SGS并诊断为CHD的患儿纳入了研究。主要疗效指标为临床改善和是否避免气管切开。

研究结果发现，5位患者（3女2男）接受了总共11次针对SGS的球囊扩张。首次接受扩张时的年龄从1至4个月不等，这5位患者均患有III级SGS。仅有1位患者由于首次球囊扩张失败导致的厚声门型网和相关SGS而需要气管切开求助来改善呼吸道通畅。剩余的4位患者均有长期的症状改善并且成功的避免了气管切开。

OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of performing balloon dilation laryngoplasty of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children with underlying congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary care academic health center. PATIENTS Children with an underlying diagnosis of CHD who subsequently underwent balloon dilation laryngoplasty for SGS from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical improvement and avoidance of tracheotomy. RESULTS We identified 16 children who had a diagnosis of CHD and underwent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. Five patients (3 girls and 2 boys) underwent a total of 11 balloon dilations for SGS. Their ages at initial dilation ranged from 1 to 4 months. All 5 patients had grade III SGS. Only 1 patient required a salvage tracheotomy for a thick glottic web and associated SGS after her first balloon dilation failed to improve airway patency. The remaining 4 patients have had long-term success in avoiding tracheotomy with symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSIONS Balloon dilation represents a valuable treatment option in patients with CHD and SGS in whom a tracheostomy should be avoided.