呼吸内科常用英文汇总

洛*

　　呼吸科常用英文
　　询问病史 case history
　　You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.
　　General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, ***rmant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children)
　　常用的症状 symptoms
　　fever
　　Cough 咳嗽
　　Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰
　　wheezing
　　Dyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难
　　Orthopnea 端坐呼吸
　　Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难
　　Shortness of breath （SOB）
　　Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感
　　Exercise intolerance
　　pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛
　　Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛
　　Hemoptysis 咯血
　　Bucking 呛咳
　　Sneeze喷嚏
　　snore 打鼾
　　malaise 不舒服
　　myalgia 肌痛
　　insomia 失眠
　　hoarseness声嘶
　　dysphonia 发声困难
　　常见的体征 physical signs
　　clubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal and transverse curvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- like
　　nicotine staining
　　cyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa
　　pe**heral cyanosis: cold blue pe**heries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposures
　　central cyanosis: warm pe**heries, blue tongue or lips
　　hand flap: due to CO2 retention
　　asterixis 扑翼样震颤
　　papilloedema 视**水肿
　　chemosis球结膜水肿
　　enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes
　　increased respiratory rate
　　tachycardia 心动过速
　　pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)
　　barrel chest
　　hyperexpanded, decreased expansion
　　kyphosis 驼背，脊柱后凸
　　Inspection:
　　tachypnea 呼吸急促
　　accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaring
　　wide or narrow intercostal space
　　tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤
　　subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感
　　Percussion:
　　resonance
　　dullness
　　flatness
　　hyperresonance
　　tympany
　　lower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal space
　　range of mobility
　　Auscultation:
　　vocal resonance 语音共振
　　ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundes
　　moist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音
　　pleural friction rubs
　　complete absence of breath sounds
　　ankle edema
　　weight loss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的
　　decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退
　　常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings
　　(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)
　　temperature charts 体温图 (take one’s body temperature)
　　sputum pot 痰盂
　　Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood test
　　Blood biochemistry
　　Sputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity test
　　sputum cytology
　　Pulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation
　　Arterial blood gas **ysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncture
　　PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbia
　　PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia
　　respiratory failure:
　　type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)
　　due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)
　　pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunt
　　type 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)
　　due to alveolar ventilation failure
　　obstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis
　　restrictive: neuromuscular (sedatives, myasthenia), structural (ankylosing spondylitis), pleural diseases ,obesity
　　Chest X-ray/radiograph:
　　reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节)
　　coin lesions 硬币样
　　cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)
　　opacification浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):
　　confluent shadowing and air bronchogram
　　collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)
　　segmental atelactasis
　　pleural effusion
　　mediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,
　　terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysm
　　Chest CT scan( computed tomography)
　　Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)
　　PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography)
　　Abdominal ultrasound
　　skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）
　　tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)
　　Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法
　　obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitation
　　FEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO
　　< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓
　　restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumes
　　intraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓
　　extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normal
　　FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second
　　FVC: force vital capacity
　　TLC: total lung capacity
　　RV: residual volume
　　KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)
　　PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate
　　flow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration)
　　bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalation
　　bronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇
　　fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)
　　bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
　　protected specimen brush (PS
　　transthoracic percutaneous needle aspiration
　　percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for pe**heral tumours)
　　video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsy
　　open lung biopsy
　　pleural biopsy
　　biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes
　　D-Dimers
　　electrocardiogram (ECG)
　　echocardiogram超声心动图
　　V/Q isotope scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)
　　spiral CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
　　pulmonary angiography
　　Doppler USS thigh and pelvis (USS: ultrasound scanning)
　　cardiac monitor
　　PSG( polysommography)
　　常见的病名 diseases
　　acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染
　　common cold 普通感冒
　　influenza 流感
　　pharynigitis 咽炎
　　acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎
　　pneumonia 肺炎
　　community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎
　　hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎
　　nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎
　　bronchiectasis 支气管扩张
　　chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎
　　pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿
　　chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作
　　bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘
　　allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎
　　respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭
　　lung abscess 肺脓肿
　　pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病
　　lung cancer: 肺癌
　　primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌
　　squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌
　　adenocarcinoma 腺癌
　　bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌
　　small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌
　　pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤
　　pulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞
　　pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症
　　pulmonary infarction 肺梗死
　　deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成
　　empyema 脓胸
　　pneumothorax气胸
　　pyopneumothorax 脓气胸
　　chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病
　　congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病
　　cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病
　　pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压
　　pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病
　　right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭
　　pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病
　　interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病
　　idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化
　　cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎
　　connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病
　　systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮
　　rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎
　　systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化
　　scleroderma 硬皮病
　　sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征
　　polymyositis 多发性肌炎
　　dermatomyositis 皮肌炎
　　sarcoidosis 结节病
　　Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症
　　Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病
　　Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病
　　Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿
　　Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症X
　　Wegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿
　　extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎
　　pneumoconiosis 尘肺
　　drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病
　　aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
　　pleural disease 胸膜疾病
　　broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘
　　oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮
　　osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变
　　glaucoma 青光眼
　　cataract白内障
　　acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤
　　acute respiratory distress syndrome , **S 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
　　urticaria 荨麻疹
　　eczema 湿疹
　　hypertension 高血压
　　diabetes 糖尿病
　　常用的药物 drugs or agents
　　be administered, treat sb. with
　　empirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性
　　Expectorant 祛痰药
　　Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂
　　bronchodilator
　　B2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇
　　long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗
　　muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺
　　aminophylline 氨茶碱
　　steroids inhaled: budesonide 布**， beclomethasone倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松
　　systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.
　　mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠
　　leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特
　　respiratory stimulants:
　　lobeline
　　nikethamide
　　cardiac tonic 强心剂
　　diuretics 利尿剂
　　albumin 白蛋白
　　antitussive agents 镇咳药
　　ammonium chloride 氯化铵
　　ambroxol 氨溴索 （mucosolvan 沐舒坦）
　　常用的治疗措施
　　low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管， Venturi face-mask
　　nebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition
　　metered dose inhaler (MDI)
　　continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask (non-invasive)
　　intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)
　　non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
　　mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive
　　(via intubation插管 ，tracheostomy 气管造口术，tracheotomy气管切开术)
　　synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气
　　pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气
　　thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术
　　chest drain/drainage 引流术
　　chemotherapy 化疗
　　radiation therapy 放疗
　　pneumonectomy 肺切除术
　　lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术
　　thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术
　　pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术
　　pleurectomy 胸膜切除术
　　pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术
　　thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术
　　inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器
　　常见的疾病
　　chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputum
　　bronchiectasis:
　　cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样
　　hemoptysis
　　physiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainage
　　long term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonale
　　medical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics
　　surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysis
　　lung abscess
　　usually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;
　　in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.
　　pneumothorax
　　accumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputure
　　lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsy
　　types: closed, open, tension
　　mediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterally
　　CXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume loss
　　aspiration吸引术，intercostal drain
　　refractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or lasering
　　pleural effusion
　　chest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breath
　　Transudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;
　　often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .
　　Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreases
　　often seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.
　　CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axilla
　　Appearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduate
　　turbid, green: indicates exudates(pus cells) or empyema (bacterial infection)
　　bloody( haemothorax血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, trauma
　　white( chylothorax乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumour
　　Therapy: transudate: diuretics
　　exudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)
　　intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesions
　　pleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycin
　　lung cancer
　　hoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
　　dysphagia
　　pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndrome
　　hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
　　superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade( JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HS
　　paraneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),
　　skin（dermatomyositis）
　　immunocompromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹
　　squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)
　　adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, pe**heral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable state
　　small cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes common
　　bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputum
　　NSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapy
　　SCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)
　　secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.
　　obstructive sleep apnoea
　　obstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells (O2↓,patient awakes from sleep), awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertension
　　Causes: central obesity( fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm),structural features of upper airway (nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis), smoking( exacerabates hypoxia), alcohol (acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone),neuromuscular or CNS diseases
　　PSG( polysommography): overnight sleep study
　　Therapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine position
　　continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
　　mandibular advancement device (MAD)
　　adenoidectomy （curative in children）
　　uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术
　　maxillomandibular osteotomy
　　obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓
　　常用的化疗药
　　cisplatin 顺铂
　　Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)
　　paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）
　　docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）
　　常见的抗生素
　　beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis
　　penicillin skin test
　　amoxicillin 阿莫西林
　　piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠
　　ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾
　　cephamycin 头孢菌素类
　　cefradine 头孢拉啶
　　cefaclor 头孢克洛
　　cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦
　　ceftriaxone 头孢曲松
　　cefpiramide 头孢吡啶
　　ceftazidime 头孢他定
　　ceftizoxime 头孢唑污
　　carbopenems 碳青霉烯类
　　azactam 氨曲南
　　meropenem 美罗培南
　　imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠 （泰能 tienam）
　　Glycopeptides 糖肽类 inhibit cell wall assembly
　　vancomycin 万古霉素
　　norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素
　　teicoplanin ***拉林
　　Macrolides大环内酯类： inhibit protein synthesis
　　roxithromycin 罗红霉素
　　clarithromycin 克拉霉素
　　azithromycin 阿奇霉素
　　erythromycin 红霉素
　　Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic
　　inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis
　　amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）
　　gentamicin 庆大霉素
　　streptomycin 链霉素
　　Sulfamido 磺胺类
　　sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)
　　Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNA gyrase
　　norfloxacin 诺氟沙星
　　ofloxacin 氧氟沙星
　　levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星
　　gatifloxacin 加替沙星
　　moxifloxacin 莫西沙星
　　ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星
　　Tetracycline 四环素类
　　minocycline 美满霉素
　　Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类
　　metronidazole 甲硝唑
　　tinidazole 替硝唑
　　ornidazole 奥硝唑
　　Antitubercular agents抗结核药
　　rifampicin 利福平
　　rifapentine 利福喷丁
　　isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼
　　pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺
　　ethambutol 乙胺丁醇
　　Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药
　　nystatin 制霉菌素
　　amphotericin 两性霉素B
　　fluconazole 氟康唑
　　voriconazole 伏立康唑
　　itraconazole 伊曲康唑
　　Antivirus agents
　　ribavirin 利巴韦林
　　oseltamivir 奥司他韦
　　acyclovir 阿昔洛韦
　　ganciclovir 更昔洛韦
　　valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦
　　foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）
　　lamivudine 拉米夫定
　　entecavir 恩替卡韦
　　常见的病原微生物
　　microorganism, microbe 微生物
　　bacterium 细菌
　　lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖
　　antibiotics 抗生素
　　pyrogen 致热原
　　exotoxin 外毒素
　　endotoxin 内毒素
　　Gram stain 革兰染色
　　Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位
　　antibacterial agents 抗菌药
　　resistance 耐药性
　　ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶
　　MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌
　　bacteremia 菌血症
　　toxemia 毒血症
　　endotoxemia 内毒素血症
　　septicaemia 败血症
　　pyemia 脓毒血症
　　pathogen 致病原
　　pathogenicity 致病性
　　virulence 毒力
　　median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量
　　median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量
　　virus 病毒
　　replication **
　　viremia 病毒血症
　　normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群
　　flora disequilibrium 菌群失调
　　dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症
　　opportunistic infection 机会性感染
　　conditioned infection 条件致病性感染
　　endogenous infection 内源性感染
　　exogenous infection 外源性感染
　　antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验
　　minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度
　　minimum bactericidal concentration (**) 最小杀菌浓度
　　disinfection 消毒
　　sterilization 灭菌
　　asepsis 无菌
　　aseptic technique 无菌技术
　　bacteriostasis 抑菌
　　antisepsis 防腐
　　disinfectant 消毒剂
　　bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂
　　bactericide 杀菌剂
　　autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法
　　ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线
　　isolation precaution 隔离预防
　　artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫
　　vaccination 疫苗接种
　　killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗
　　attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗
　　toxoid 类毒素
　　artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫
　　antitoxin 抗毒素
　　gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白
　　Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌
　　Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌
　　Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌
　　Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌
　　Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌
　　Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌
　　Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌
　　Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌
　　Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌
　　Legionella 军团杆菌属
　　Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌
　　Serratia 沙雷菌属
　　Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌
　　Acinebacter 不动杆菌属
　　Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌
　　Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌
　　Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌
　　Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌
　　Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌
　　Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌
　　Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌
　　Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌
　　Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌
　　Purified protein derivate, PPD
　　Old tuberculin,OT
　　Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌
　　Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌
　　Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌
　　Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌
　　Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌
　　Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌
　　Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌
　　antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻
　　pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎
　　Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌
　　Yersinia 耶尔森菌属
　　Brucella 布氏菌属
　　Actinomyces 放线菌属
　　Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）
　　Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)
　　Rapid plasma regain (RPR)
　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体
　　Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体
　　Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒
　　Influenza virus 流感病毒
　　Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒
　　Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒
　　Coronavirus 冠状病毒
　　Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS
　　Adenovirus 腺病毒
　　Rubella virus 风疹病毒
　　Rhinovirus 鼻病毒
　　Enterovirus 肠道病毒
　　Rotavirus 轮状病毒
　　hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒
　　Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒
　　Hantavirus 汉坦病毒
　　Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热
　　Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒
　　Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒
　　Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒
　　Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒
　　Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型
　　Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人**状瘤病毒
　　Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒
　　Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS
　　Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒
　　Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病
　　Rabies virus 风疹病毒
　　Fungus 真菌
　　Yeast 酵母
　　Spore 孢子
　　Hypha 菌丝
　　Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌
　　Trichophyton 毛癣菌属
　　Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属
　　Tinea 癣
　　Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属
　　Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病
　　Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌
　　Candidiasis 念珠菌病
　　Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌
　　Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌
　　Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎
　　Aspergillus 曲霉菌
　　Mucor 毛霉菌属

C****u

对搞好呼吸很有用，认真学习

h****4

很有帮助，十分感谢

景*霞

敬佩楼主，收藏了，谢谢